Hey everyone! It’s Aviva again, and today I want to talk about a topic that’s been a huge part of my life since being diagnosed with diabetes—insulin. Whether you’re newly diagnosed or have been managing your diabetes for years, figuring out insulin can feel a bit overwhelming. I know it was for me at first!
But the more I’ve learned, the more empowered I feel to manage my diabetes effectively. So, I thought I’d take some time to explain the different types of insulin, how they work, and how they’ve become a key part of my daily routine. Let’s dive in!
My First Encounter with Insulin
I still remember the day I was told I’d need insulin. At the time, it felt like a big, scary thing—needles, injections, and the uncertainty of how it would all work. I didn’t know anything about the different types of insulin or how they would fit into my life. I just knew it was a vital part of keeping my blood sugar in check.
If you’re feeling nervous or unsure about insulin, I get it. But the truth is, insulin has made such a positive difference in my health. Once you understand how it works, it becomes just another part of your routine—kind of like brushing your teeth or making your morning coffee.
What Is Insulin, and Why Do We Need It?
Before we jump into the types of insulin, let’s quickly talk about what insulin actually is. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps your body use glucose (sugar) from the food you eat for energy. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your bloodstream, which can lead to high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) and a range of complications over time.
For those of us with diabetes, our bodies either don’t produce enough insulin or can’t use it effectively. That’s where insulin therapy comes in. By injecting insulin, we help our bodies regulate blood sugar levels, keeping them within a healthy range.
The Different Types of Insulin
Now, here’s where things get a little more complicated—but don’t worry, I’ll break it down! There are several different types of insulin, each with its own timing and purpose. It took me a while to figure out which combination worked best for me, but once you find the right balance, it makes managing diabetes so much easier.
Here are the main types of insulin and how they work:
1. Rapid-Acting Insulin
Rapid-acting insulin is my go-to for mealtime. It starts working quickly, usually within 10-20 minutes after injection, and is designed to manage the spike in blood sugar that happens when you eat.
For example, if I’m about to have lunch, I’ll inject my rapid-acting insulin right before I start eating. It helps my body process the carbohydrates from my meal and prevents a blood sugar spike. It typically peaks in about an hour and wears off after 3-5 hours.
Common types of rapid-acting insulin include:
- Humalog (insulin lispro)
- Novolog (insulin aspart)
- Apidra (insulin glulisine)
One thing to keep in mind with rapid-acting insulin is timing. You don’t want to inject it too early or too late in relation to your meal, or it might not work as effectively. Trust me, I’ve learned this through trial and error!
2. Short-Acting Insulin
Short-acting insulin is another type used around mealtimes, but it works a little slower than rapid-acting insulin. It usually starts working within 30 minutes, peaks in about 2-3 hours, and lasts for 5-8 hours.
I don’t use short-acting insulin as often, but it’s a good option if you need a longer duration of coverage for your meals. Some people prefer this type, depending on their lifestyle and eating patterns.
One common type of short-acting insulin is Humulin R (regular insulin).
3. Intermediate-Acting Insulin
Intermediate-acting insulin, also known as NPH insulin, provides longer-lasting blood sugar control. It usually starts working within 1-2 hours and peaks after about 4-12 hours. Its effects can last up to 24 hours, but it’s not long enough to cover a full day.
This type of insulin is often used in combination with rapid- or short-acting insulin to provide more consistent blood sugar control throughout the day.
I personally don’t use intermediate-acting insulin, but I know people who do, and it works well for them. It’s all about finding what fits your unique needs.
A common example of intermediate-acting insulin is Humulin N.
4. Long-Acting Insulin
Long-acting insulin is a lifesaver for many of us who need consistent, all-day blood sugar control. It starts working slowly, typically within a few hours, and provides a steady release of insulin over 24 hours. There’s no real peak, just a steady, even effect that helps keep your blood sugar stable.
For me, long-acting insulin is a critical part of my routine. I take it once a day, usually in the morning or before bed, and it helps keep my blood sugar stable between meals and overnight.
Some common types of long-acting insulin are:
- Lantus (insulin glargine)
- Levemir (insulin detemir)
- Tresiba (insulin degludec)
One of the things I love about long-acting insulin is that I don’t have to worry about constant peaks and dips—it just keeps things steady.
5. Pre-Mixed Insulin
Pre-mixed insulin is a combination of rapid- or short-acting insulin and intermediate-acting insulin. It’s designed to make things easier for people who want fewer injections throughout the day.
For example, if you don’t want to take separate doses of insulin before each meal and at bedtime, a pre-mixed option might work for you. It covers both your mealtime spikes and your background insulin needs in one shot.
I haven’t personally used pre-mixed insulin, but I know it can be a good option for people who prefer a simpler regimen.
Common examples include:
- Humalog Mix 75/25
- Novolog Mix 70/30
Finding the Right Insulin Routine
When I first started insulin therapy, figuring out the right routine was a bit of a challenge. I had to work closely with my healthcare team to adjust the doses, timing, and types of insulin I was using. It took some time, but once we found the right combination, everything fell into place.
If you’re just starting out or feeling frustrated with your current insulin routine, know that it’s okay to experiment and make adjustments. It’s important to keep track of your blood sugar levels and communicate with your doctor about how things are going. There’s no one-size-fits-all solution, so don’t be afraid to ask questions and advocate for yourself.
My Advice for You
If you’re new to insulin or even if you’ve been using it for a while but still feel unsure, here are a few things I’ve learned along the way:
Stay Consistent: Taking insulin at the same time each day helps maintain a routine and prevents you from missing doses. Set reminders if you need to!
Pay Attention to Timing: Whether it’s rapid-acting or long-acting insulin, timing matters. Make sure you’re taking it at the right time in relation to your meals or activities to get the best results.
Don’t Be Hard on Yourself: We all have days where our blood sugar levels fluctuate more than we’d like. It doesn’t mean you’re doing something wrong—sometimes it’s just the nature of diabetes. Stay patient and keep adjusting.
Talk to Your Healthcare Team: If something isn’t working, speak up. Whether it’s changing the type of insulin you’re using or adjusting your doses, your healthcare team is there to help you.
Carry Extra Supplies: If you’re out and about, always make sure you have extra insulin, needles, or pens on hand—just in case. I’ve learned the hard way that it’s better to be over-prepared than caught off guard.
Final Thoughts
At the end of the day, insulin isn’t something to fear. It’s a tool that helps us live healthier lives and manage our diabetes effectively. While it might seem intimidating at first, the more you learn and understand about it, the more empowered you’ll feel. And remember, you’re not alone—we’re all navigating this together, and there’s always support when you need it.
So, what has your experience been like with insulin? Have you found a type that works well for you? Let me know in the comments below—I’d love to hear your stories and tips.
Take care,
Aviva Miriam









